To type directly with the computer keyboard:

• Type aa or â to have ā, -a to add the hamza
• For the letters with a diacritical mark, add an apostrophe
  example: t', j' (or c), H' (or x), d', s', S', T', G', k' (or g)
  or two apostrophes: j'', z'', s''
• Type tt, dd, rr for the Urdu and Torwali special characters