Notes

The runic alphabet is called futhark (fuþąrk), from its first six letters, just like the ABC or the abecedarium.

The Younger Futhark was used by Scandinavian peoples during the Viking Age (9th-12th centuries) to write Old Norse.

It is an adaptation of the Elder Futhark, simplifying the alphabet from 24 to 16 characters. Paradoxically, this reduction occurred as the Scandinavian phonetic system became more complex: a single rune could represent several phonemes (sounds).

The Younger Futhark has two main styles (9 runes are modified):
- Long-branch runes were used for monumental inscriptions on stone.
- Short-twig runes were preferred for everyday messages on wood.

The Younger Futhark is an adaptation of the Elder Futhark, reducing the alphabet from 24 to 16 characters. Paradoxalement, cette réduction intervient alors que le système phonétique scandinave se complexifie : une même rune peut alors représenter plusieurs phonèmes (sons).

It was used by the Scandinavian tribes, during the Viking Age, from the 9^th to the 12^th century.

Le nouveau futhark est utilisé par les peuples scandinaves, à l'époque des Vikings, du IX^e au XII^e siècle, with two scripts (9 runes are modified):

- Long-branch runes are primarily used for monumental inscriptions on stone.

- Short-twig runes are a simplified version used for messages on wood.

How to use

To type directly with the computer keyboard:

• Type in uppercase for Long-branch runes and lowercase for Short-twig runes
• Type a= for ą
• Type t= for þ
• Type z for ʀ

Download & install the font Junicode

Copy [Ctrl]+[C] & Paste [Ctrl]+[V]