To type directly with the computer keyboard:

• Type ch, gh, kh, sh, zh, ts, dz
• Type an apostrophe (or the sign =) for the ejective consonants k', p', t', ts', ch'
• Type ee for ə and hh for ʔ
• Type e= and o= for ē and ō

The Georgian alphabet (Mkhedruli) traditionally does not distinguish between uppercase and lowercase. However, to meet the requirements of modern typography (titles, emphasis), a set of uppercase letters called Mtavruli has been standardized. These characters are optional and are primarily used in titles or for proper nouns.