Instructions

To type directly with the computer keyboard:

• For the emphatic letters, type the capital letters: H, S, D, T, Z
• To add a diacritical mark, type an apostrophe: t', H', d', s', S', T', g'
• Special characters:
  

  For the character:		type:
  hamza	ء	-   (dash)
  	ئ	y--
  	ؤ	w--
  	إ	a--
  	أ	-a
  	آ	aa
  alif maqsura	ى	Y
  ta marbouta	ة	h'
  	لا	la

• Type =a, =i, =u to add a short vowel mark; type ==a, ==i, ==u to add a tanwīn
• Type =w to add a šadda
• Type =o to add a sukūn
• The letters with the sound g, p, v don't exist in Arabic. These characters are used for the words of European origin:
  

  For the character:			type:
  Algeria, Tunisia	g	ڨ	q'
  Morocco	g	ڭ	k'
  	p	پ	p or b'
  Algeria, Tunisia	v	ڢ	v
  Morocco	v	ڤ	f'
  	ch	چ	c or j'

• Type = after a digit to get the Eastern Arabic digit (example: 1=, 2=)

Notes:

The Arabic letters do not always have the same form when they come at the beginning, middle or end of a word.

The above digits are used in Arabia and nearby countries.

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